Unit 1
P18
1
1) correspond
2) build
3) sensible
4) brilliant
5) grasp
6) appoint
7) hardware
8) gaze
2
1) cast your eyes/ an eye over
2) torn down
3) making a fortune
4) turned up
5) lost track of
6) pass on
7) checking up on
8) was under arrest
P20
1
1) bound
2) appropriate
3) possessing
4) permanent
5) appointed
6) parted
7) had corresponded
8) gazed
9) notion
10) keen
11) preserve
12) grasped
13) figured
14) grounded
15) sensible
16) attribute
17) united
18) pursue
19) commitments
20) regulating
2
1) distinguish between
2) checked up on
3) torn down
4) make a fortune
5) all of a sudden
6) lost track of
7) Casting an eye over
8) broke up
9) take pleasure in
10) described as
11) turned up
12) in so far as
13) is under arrest
14) pass on
15) as to
Increasing Your Word Power
1
3) approval
4) betrayal
5) burial
6) dismissal
7) disposal
8) proposal
9) refusal
10) removal
11) survival
12) withdrawal
2
1) refusal
2) arrivals
3) removal
4) dismissal
5) survival
6) proposal
7) disposal
8) approval
3
1) e
2) c
3) b
4) a
5) d
Grammar Review
1
1) whichever tent you are not using now
2) whoever comes / come first
3) whichever / whatever conditions our captain thought was the best
4) Wherever / No matter where I go
5) whatever wishes their child / children expresses / express
6) However disappointed / No matter how disappointed you may feel about the surroundings / environment / situation
7) Whoever breaks it
8) whenever he concentrates on a problem
2
1) It is not luck but hard work that led him to today’s success.
2) Prof. Moen argues that it is energy that makes the world go round.
3) It was not until he had proved he was honest that he won the family’s trust.
4) It was clearly the headmaster himself who / that opened the door for me.
Cloze
1) classical
2) notion
3) utility
4) ground
5) occurs
6) goodness
7) as to
8) possesses
9) preserve
10) bound
11) mirror
12) virtuous
13) commitment
14) moral excellence
Translation
1
1) The friendship grounded on common interest does not break up easily.
2) Children must learn to distinguish between violence and courage in computer games.
3) There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to expect a person to keep track of everything.
4) Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call “the court of morality”.
5) Today’s culture is described as “fast-food culture”. Whatever they may be doing, people just pursue the greatest satisfaction within the shortest time.
6) As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and work for it.
2
It is commonly acknowledged that humans are social animals. Bonded together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, people have different notions. Some make friends for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more people long for “soul pals” --- those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and encourage us to have the courage of our convictions. Such is what we call “true and perfect friendship”.
Unit 3
P81
1
1) purchase
2) temporary
3) inform
4) truthful
5) rewarding
6) scale
7) cultivate
8) conscience
2
1) a fact of life
2) wear out
3) suggests
4) other than
5) has something to do with
6) working out
7) attractive
8) taken… pains
P84
1
1) inform
2) evaluate
3) attractive
4) depression
5) leisure
6) Collective
7) decreased
8) spiritual
9) religious
10) temporary
11) scales
12) cultivate
13) suggests
14) purchase
15) inevitable
16) enable
17) reinforced
18) comparison
19) occupations
20) destructive
2
1) work out
2) have a clear conscience
3) other than
4) fact of life
5) as a whole
6) relative to
7) point of view
8) in terms of
9) in part
10) took pains
11) in effect
12) serve as
13) Leave… with
14) wore out
15) better off
16) has a great deal to do with
17) from… derives
Increasing Your Word Power
1
1) 反攻，反击
2) 反要求；反诉
3) 对策；对付措施
4) 对应的人（物），对手
5) 产生相反效果的
6) 抗癌的
7) 防冻剂
8) 防污染的
9) 反对吸烟的
10) 不合群的；反社会的
2
1) decrease
2) ranking
3) concept
4) suggest
5) central, key
6) way, pattern
7) aim, goal, end
8) buy
9) seek
10) norm, criterion
11) position
12) total, amount
13) short-term
14) honest
15) sort
16) inevitable
3
1) total
2) current
3) ideal
4) relatives
5) alternative
6) objectives
7) individual
8) maximum
Grammar Review
1
1) was the law
2) could he free himself from feelings of guilt
3) will he now
4) have I faced so difficult a choice
5) are visitors allowed to feed the animals in the zoo
6) had we started lunch when the doorbell rang
7) she told me did I realize the mistake I had made
8) can you buy shoes like that
9) did he protest
10) I known what was going to happen
2
1) Your picture is much more beautiful.
2) If only I could do half as well as you!
3) The publishing house has produced twice as many books as it did last year.
4) We had to do more work for less money.
5) While people are richer in material wealth, their spiritual life is poorer.
Cloze
1) whole
2) However
3) part
4) In effect
5) derived
6) purchased
7) better off
8) take pains
9) necessarily
10) to do
11) comparison
12) relative
13) inevitable
14) serve
15) seek
Translation
1
1) For thousands of years philosophers have taken pains to illustrate the meaning of happiness from their own points of view.
2) When I first came to college, I suddenly found myself left with everything to deal with by myself. It was not until then did I realize that living with my parents was truly a happy experience.
3) You shouldn’t always make comparison with others; otherwise, you may be trapped in depression, for there are always many others who are better than you.
4) Today people are much better off and enjoy more leisure. Strangely enough, they find life dull.
5) Life, in effect, is long but short of excitement. You are sure to suffer from inevitable disappointment if you expect everyday life to be as exciting as a drama.
6) A life that is too easy may also be destructive because it offers no opportunity for one to learn how to deal with failures. This in part explains the high rates of suicide among young people.
2
Happiness must have much to do with money. After all, a hard life will wear out one’s sense of joy. However, happiness doesn’t derive from money alone. Today’s society as a whole has seen dramatic improvement in the standard of living, and the majority of people are decently fed and clothed. However, are people happier today? In fact, when the mass media and commercial advertisements are still reinforcing the notion that to be happy is to possess more, people find themselves longing more earnestly than ever for a happy and healthy spiritual life: being loved, respected, feeling safe and proud of realizing their self-value. As a wise man once pointed out, happiness lies in the positive attitude one holds towards life other than how much money one earns. Those millionaires who view life as boring and empty serve as good negative examples.
Unit 5
P161
1
1) combine
2) implement
3) illusion
4) indispensable
5) intelligence
6) emphasis
7) reconcile
8) data
9) negotiate
10) reform
2
1) in store
2) to this end
3) in accordance with
4) in depth
5) equip
6) access
7) phase
8) get out of
P165
1
1) associate
2) equipped
3) combined
4) emphasis
5) enlighten
6) phase
7) graded
8) commented
9) inspection
10) passively
11) rural
12) negotiate
13) indispensable
14) illusion
15) implemented
16) decline
17) reconcile
18) practically
19) residents
20) virtual
2
1) so to speak
2) try out
3) in store
4) lend themselves to
5) turn my back on
6) in accordance with
7) crying out for
8) is… the case
9) step in
10) calm down
11) brought back
12) go after
13) reflect on
14) get out of
15) For want of
16) Oddly enough
17) in favor of
18) in turn
19) hit on / upon
20) to this end
21) calls for
22) brought about
Increasing Your Word Power
1
1) multimedia equipment
2) multipurpose furniture
3) a multifunction cell phone
4) a multi-storey car park
5) a multicultural curriculum
6) a multi-subject dictionary
7) a multi-channel television set
8) a multinational society
2
1) e
2) g
3) a
4) h
5) d
6) f
7) b
8) c
3
1) He teaches in:
a. a virtual university
b. an online counseling center
c. a keyboard college
d. an online chat room
e. a virtual environment
f. the electrically charged space
g. cyberspace
2) He teaches by means of:
a. a home computer
b. tariff-free e-mail packets
c. the World Wide Web
d. electronic bulletin boards
3) Online education offers:
a. cyber education
b. online degree programs
Grammar Review
1
1) such a shy boy
2) such a well-written report
3) such a long time
4) so many people
5) so firmly
2
1) before
2) when
3) until
4) unless
5) as
Cloze
1) To this end
2) in store
3) indispensable
4) calls for
5) diversity
6) implement
7) In accordance with
8) emphasis
9) combining
10) in depth
11) equip
12) goes after
13) access
14) get out of
Translation
1
1) Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable because it lays the foundations for the successes of one’s future work and studies.
2) West China is crying out for talented people for its development. To this end, the government has laid down favorable policies, calling for more college graduates to go and work there.
3) How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century.
4) Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world.
5) Urban residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case.
6) Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth, people are given an equally convenient access to educational resources, no matter where they are.
2
Scientific development has brought about global changes in educational thought. It not only generates such a new form of education as “virtual universities” but turns “lifelong learning” into a workable project. In addition, people today seem to be in favor of practical knowledge. But whatever changes there might have been, education must stick to its classis role: to enlighten learners. Confronted with the new problems of this century, we still expect that education should put more emphasis on cultivating learners’ competence to think critically and to work collaboratively. Furthermore, we hope that education will take the responsibility of promoting traditional virtues by guiding learners to dispense with negative desires like greed, lust and violence.
Unit 6
P193
1
1) slice
2) tender
3) proof
4) funeral
5) preserve
6) familiarity
7) proclaim
8) client
2
1) on the … side
2) hold … breath
3) slippery
4) helped himself to
5) declined
6) resist
7) flavor
8) proceeded
P196
1
1) proof
2) slice
3) efficiency
4) capacity
5) abroad
6) symbol
7) invitations
8) dictate
9) proceeded
10) splashes
11) tender
12) resist
13) flavor
14) familiarity
15) transmitted
16) tremendous
17) cure
18) slippery
19) funeral
20) transplanted
2
1) help yourself to
2) a fish out of water
3) due to
4) from head to toe
5) orient myself to
6) as such
7) on the … side
8) by means of
9) build up
10) win … over
11) identify themselves with
12) get over
13) enter into
14) opening up
15) resulted from
16) held our breath
Increasing Your Word Power
1
1) 互联网
2) （使）连锁；（使）相互扣住
3) 面谈，面试
4) （使）相互关联
5) 交换，互换
6) 交往；沟通
7) 互相连接
8) 互相依赖
9) 城际列车
10) 洲际旅行
11) 国际航班
12) 人际关系
13) 校际合作
14) 班际足球比赛
2
1) charged
2) condemn
3) scold
4) blame
5) accused
6) condemned
7) blames
8) criticized
3
1) boil
2) steamed
3) fried
4) bake
5) roasted
6) preserved
7) grilled
8) stew
Grammar Review
1
1) The announcement was followed by a not unexpected silence.
2) Exhausted and hungry, she could not walk without my help.
3) There’s nobody who makes no mistakes in his lifetime.
4) You can’t search my house without a warrant.
5) A life lived without dreams can’t be as rich and rewarding as life can be.
6) The American West is a region where farming is impossible without irrigation.
2
1) The longer I am at this job, the happier I am.
2) The more risky it is, the more I like it.
3) The sooner you start, the earlier you’ll finish it.
4) The more people you know, the less time you’ll spend with them.
5) The more you learn, the less you find you know.
Cloze
1) transplanted
2) cues
3) tendency
4) frustration
5) attributed
6) cures
7) capacity
8) built up
9) by means of
10) due to
11) orient … to
12) get over
13) opens up
14) In addition
Translation
1
1) As a proof of our hospitality, we Chinese will repeatedly ask our guests to help themselves to the dishes on the table.
2) It is by means of listening to what people say and observing how they behave that we’ve strengthened our own capacity to learn about society.
3) One’s sense of safety comes from familiarity with the environment; so people have the tendency to resist or avoid new situations.
4) We tend to show prejudice against or even hostility toward people from a certain region, which can be attributed to the fact that we are unfamiliar with them.
5) I believe it is polite to decline directly, while my parents seldom say “No” so as not to embarrass others.
6) There are two means to build up knowledge: to get it personally or by second-hand experience. Reading, which opens up a new world of different cultures for us, belongs to second-hand experience.
2
Once transplanted abroad, people will feel anxious and even lose the capacity to deal with daily routines. This problem is attributed to the disappearance of the surroundings we have been used to. Then, what should we do so as to change the life styles and patterns built up in us over so many years? First, we should be more tolerant towards people with cultural backgrounds different from ours. To get over frustrations caused by culture shock, we should try to adapt ourselves to the new environment and get along with our workmates harmoniously. Furthermore, we should never identify a person with the nationality he represents or proceed to hate the person’s culture only because we don’t like him. In fact, to preserve our national culture is not to resist foreign ones.
Unit 7
P226
1
1) original
2) triumph
3) token
4) temple
5) swift
6) dynamic
7) committee
8) tolerance
2
1) on his behalf
2) in the name of
3) abide by
4) governing
5) version
6) descending
7) shedding
8) witnessed
P229
1
1) narrowly
2) governs
3) features
4) crawl
5) spun
6) flashed
7) have witnessed
8) shedding
9) injuring
10) consultant
11) compete
12) original
13) conquered
14) barrier
15) confessed
16) tripped
17) limp
18) champion
19) dynamic
20) version
2
1) capitalized on
2) headed for
3) came in
4) rose to their feet
5) brought up
6) like crazy
7) in the name of
8) on their behalf
9) fill in for
10) in an emergency
11) dozens of
12) abide by
13) is … taking shape
14) contrast … with
15) bring out
16) put in / squeeze in
17) squeeze in
Increasing Your Word Power
1
1) restless
2) homeless
3) pointless
4) countless
5) fadeless
6) harmless
2
1) of
2) to
3) in
4) for
5) of
6) to/ for
7) to
8) on
3
1) Events:
a. dash
b. discus
c. figure skating
d. freestyle
e. hurdles
f. race
2) Competitors:
a. athlete
b. boxer
c. contender
d. cyclist
e. discus thrower
f. gymnast
g. Olympian
h. runner
i. skater
j. sprinter
k. swimmer
3) Places, equipment, etc.:
a. barrier
b. gym
c. luge
d. podium
e. rink
f. skate
g. sled
h. stand
i. track
Grammar Review
1
1) Football, his only hobby in life, has brought him many friends.
2) The President of the company, Mrs. Jones, held a press conference after the board meeting.
3) The question whether to confess or not has been troubling little Tom.
4) You should not have any doubt about the fact that the criminal has been arrested.
5) The news was immediately spread far and wide that Beijing had won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.
2
1) No, he didn’t come to help, but to hinder us.
2) It is not the players, but the supporters that are responsible for football hooliganism.
3) No, their intent is not to catch all speeders but to catch enough to give them a warning.
4) I’m not only willing, but also eager to join the volunteer team for the World Cup.
5) No. he translates into English not only from French, but also from Polish.
6) Because its appeal lies not only in its story but also in the ethical issues it raises.
Cloze
1) took shape
2) take part
3) triumph
4) conquered
5) feature
6) come in
7) champion
8) To this end
9) squeeze in
10) bring out
11) on behalf of
12) mount
13) witnessed
Translation
1
1) Against the white background, the Olympic flag features five interlinked colour circles, representing the five continents.
2) He narrowly missed the gold medal by 0.02 seconds. Those who had witnessed the race could not help giving a sigh.
3) Long-distance race is a hard test on tolerance. The athletes shed not only sweat, but also tears, and even blood.
4) Having tripped over another athlete’s foot, he fell down on the track, but he soon rose to his feet and limped to the finish line.
5) The original version of the story goes like this, the assistant coach became famous overnight by leading his team to conquer Cuba.
6) Some sportsmen confessed that they had taken dope in the name of improving performance, and that their coaches showed no disagreement with such illegal acts.
2
The Olympic Games are universally recognized not only as a spectacular gathering of top athletes, but also as a moment of rejoicing for billions of spectators. The Games took shape in ancient Greece, where wars were not infrequent between cities. But once the Games started, the wars were immediately brought to a halt. In the modern world the Olympic Games still symbolize peace. So far, the Olympics have developed into the biggest international sports event, with an increasing number of sportsmen competing on behalf of more and more nations. Though only dozens of, or at most hundreds of, athletes finally become champions in one Olympics, participation itself means triumph for all the athletes. They all deserve applause because they have overcome numerous barriers before they can finally take part in such a big gathering. The Olympic motto inspires every athlete in every event to challenge human physical limits. While doing so, they abide by the rules and pay due respect to the referees. Such extraordinary and fair competition best brings out true sportsmanship.
Unit 8 Man and Society
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in action
Working with Words and Expressions
(1)
1. stimulated
2. nourishing
3. rivals
4. defects
5. enhance
6. scarce
7. prosperous
8. reserved
9. boost
10. distributing
11. accompanying
12. property
13. undermine
14. bid
15. regulations
16. parallels
17. harmonious
18. retire
19. lobbying
20. coordinate
(2)
1. On the contrary
2. on (your) guard against
3. as a result of
4. take … lightly
5. working on
6. subjected to
7. Leaving aside
8. all manner of
9. in exchange for
10. it … follow that
11. in combination with
12. beaten up
13. pull together
14. at the expense of
Increasing Your Word Power
(1)
1. relationship
2. courtship
3. leadership
4. apprenticeship
5. friendship
6. dealership(s)
7. championship
8. sportsmanship
(2)
1. as
2. to
3. for
4. for
5. at / in
6. from
7. for
8. with
(3)
1)a fellow employee工友，同事
2) a rival firm 竞争的商行
3) a symphony orchestra 交响乐团
4) a wool coat 毛料/羊毛大衣
5) consumer rights 消费者的权利
6) import restrictions进口限制
7) market prices市场价格
8) quality supplies优质的供应品
9) business cooperation商业合作
10) government regulation政府调控
GRAMMAR REVIEW
(1)
1.why they fall in and out of friendship quickly is the predicative.
2.What I touchedis the subject.
3. a)"that others will carry on what I can no longer do" is the object to the verb "know".
b) "what I can no longer do" is the object to the phrasal verb "carry on".
c) "that what was possible has been done" is the appositive to the noun "thought".
d) "what was possible" is the subject of the appositive clause.
4. a) "that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old" is the object clause of the verb "believe".
b) "that she was growing old" is the object clause of the verb "notice".
5. "whether you are black or white, male or female" is the object to the verb "ask".
6. "Where I teach" is the subject.
7. a) "what they habitually talk about" is the object to the preposition "by".
b) "how they allocate their time and money" is the other object to the preposition "by".
8. "whatever effort is necessary" is the object to the verb "make".
(2)
1. where
2. what
3. whoever
4. Whether
5. which / what
6. why
7. whether / if
(3)
1. It takes 10 minutes to get there on foot.
2.It is impossible for us to catch the first bus.
3.What to do next has not been decided yet. /It has not been decided yet what to do next.
4.Spending too much time on computer games has affected his studies.
5.Not having enough people to do the job is our major problem at present.
CLOZE
1) intentions
2) as a result of
3) inconsiderate
4) conscious
5) hurt
6) reserve
7) on guard against
8) Instead of
9) defects
10) stimulate
11) positive
12) nourishes
13) discouragement
14) accompanied
TRANSLATION
(1)
1.Those who suppose they possess more privilege stend to have feelings of superiority.
2. High tariffs and an anti-dumping policy will undermine the competitive edge of the foreign products in the domestic market.
3. If all the departments can be well coordinated and all of us pull together for the common good, we are bound / sure to succeed.
4. To be on guard against theft, the school has issued regulations specifying the duties of the door keepers / guards / janitors.
5. Good manners are always appreciated. It follows that good manners will enhance your chances of making friends with other people.
6. Punctuation marks should not be taken lightly; sometimes the use of a wrong punctuation mark can literally change / alter the meaning of a sentence.
(2)
In the modern society, how does competition work in combination with cooperation? Firstly, scarcity leads to competition. Players of the same football team compete for slots on the team, and this team competes against other teams for victory. In a work place, colleagues compete for higher positions. And also in business, firms become rivals for more consumers and a bigger market share. But meanwhile competition is inseparable from cooperation. Players have to cooperate efficiently with one another to win the championships for their team. Colleagues have to cooperate to accomplish their shared task. Firms try their best to cooperate to lobby the agencies of business administration for the greatest privileges. All in all, individuals as well as teams are subjected to both competition and cooperation. The two together nourish the social development so that we can enjoy a more prosperous and harmonious world.
THEME-RELATED WRITING
1. How to Survive in a Competitive Society
Competition in present-day society is fierce and cruel. It exists in different lines of work. For example, different musicians compete for each seat in their orchestra, and different orchestras compete for the privilege of making recordings with prestigious studios. Footballers compete for positions within the same team, and they work together to compete against other teams for championships. In short, whatever we do, we may feel the pressure of competition.
However, instead of deploring competition, we should see the interrelationship between competition and cooperation. Cooperation and competition exist side by side and they are both unavoidable in human society. For example, while competing with other factories, producers and distributors of the same factory must cooperate and make coordinated efforts to satisfy the needs of customers. Business rivals have to cooperate with one another when their common market is threatened. Therefore, competition alone will not bring us success in what we are doing.
In the face of competition, we should keep acquiring new skills and updating our knowledge so as to enhance our competitive ability. At the same time, we should learn the techniques of cooperating with others in the most effective manner.
2. Should We Offer Seats to Elderly People on the Bus During Rush Hours?
I am amazed to read what a blogger says about offering bus seats to the elderly. He claims that "it's the young who need it more" because they go to work early in the morning and feel exhausted after a day's work. The blogger also argues that it is unfair to offer seats to the elderly since they already enjoy free rides, and suggests that during rush hours senior citizens be denied such treatment.
I could never bring myself to agree with the blogger. Taking good care of the elderly is a universally accepted standard of conduct. In my opinion, offering seats to our elders is not just an indication of good manners; it is a moral issue. I always consider it my moral obligation to help others. Yes, you may feel comfortable for a while by remaining in your seat, but you will lose your character and moral values in the long run.
Respecting the elderly is also our social convention. It is precisely out of our love and respect for the elderly that such special benefits as free rides are offered to them. No one can deprive senior citizens of their right to go out by bus at any time they like, and what's more, we should make sure they get special care when the bus is fully packed with passengers.
Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone involved. It is through performing such small acts as offering seats to the needy that we learn to contribute to the building of a harmonious society.